Method of manufacturing stemmed glassware



METHOD OF MANUFACTURING STEMMED GLASSWARE Filed Sept. 29, 1924 BY w c? NEYS.

Ell

"TFB'US, EH10, ASSIGHQR FEDERAL GLASQ 30E- SE', on COLUMB'UiS, GEM), A JQEPOEATIQH 33?! Application filed September 2%}, 1924.

My invention relates to a meshed of men ufecluring stemmed glassware, end to do, particularly, with the manufacturing oi: high quality pressed and blown stemmed and fooled aricles oi glassware, such as gohleiis, having a foot, stern and. hoiyl.

In the Hldl'llliiiELCillll'G of high quehty articles oi. glassware, such gohlcibs, as shown in the annexed dire-Wing, it is essenaiel that. means be employed. in the melting of such were in such a. Way that a high-grade finish will he inipa. "ed to the were and that there will he I}O i llil1k5 or scars upon the glass to new its quality. In high quality stemmed glassware, such gohleiis, it is essential that the Wells of the bowl portion he thin, yet or such strength and durability as to withstand the ordinary conditions of use without breaking.

It has been "found that it is praotically impossible to make stemmed glassware with fnl','.n-W:1lled bowls by pressing methods. Furthermore, if 2 piece of stemmed glass Ware. such as :1 goblet, is formed solely by a pressing method, the quality oi the were is Very low.

Furthermore, due to the irregular shapes and design of stemmed and footed glass ware, such as 'ohlets, it has heretofore been found inii'iraclicel to were of a desired high quality by automatic machine methods, and it has been found necessary, prior to my invention, in View of the above and in View of the obstacles obviously presenting themselves in tl1e,n1alcing of high quality, thin-Walled glassware by the pressing method, to manufacture high quality stemmed end -footed glassware large 1y by the hend-hlowing method.

The making of stennnecl glassware. by the hand method is 21 tedious rind expensive process which. depends solely upon the skill of a number oi WOl'lU'DBD. in the making of stemmed and fooled glassware by the usual.

li zind method, it is the practice for a hand gnlherer to gra'rher (I mess of glass upon 21 hlow pipe and fol-in the blowing hlenh by the proper numipulntion of the iolow pipe. This hlimlq is so manipulated-hy {L workmen and shaped. hy iii2})i8lll(ilL-S and fools has an or ended poi-hon is forineijl thereon, which ereniuz ore of "the whole. "W71;

L 'ihe 'worlmi e mold.

.ered so that muiurfzicture such.

Serial 230. 749,481.

and blows through the blow pipe to form the bowl portion, the stem portion'heing formed. integral. with the bowl. The formed howl portion, with its integral stem still being carried by the blow pipe, is then removed from the mold. and is transferred to the hands of another skilled workmen, At this point in the operesion shill another skilled workn'nm gathers e mass of glass on. o punty rod and manipnlafies the glass gath- Ulhe glass so gathered is then. deposited upon ihe end of the stern oi? the partly finished ertiele, which has been formed es shove stated. The glass deposited upon the end of the stem is severed free. the purity rod hy a pair of hand shears. All; this period is in such 8, condition shat when the mess of glass is deposited on the end thereof by the purity, the portion so deposited will he will form a, desired shape.-

in the operation, the glass forming the stem readily welded to the stem. After this, a

skilled Workman with the use of a. proper tool shapes the welded portion into a disc or other desirable shape to form the foot of the article. The article is then detached from theblow pipe and properly annealed.

After the article, so formed, has been annealed the top portion is out off in the ordinary manner end made smooth and polished.

In the. above method of making stemmed and footed glassware by hand, it is readily seen that quality and uniformity of successive articles depend solely upon the skill or" the workmen. llhey depend not only upon the skill of 2, single Workman, butdepend upouthe skill of a great number of different workmen. The Work to he erformed by the different workmen is so relhted that, if one should carry out his step improperly, the ultimate object would in most cases fail.

Furthermore, in the hand method of mak ing stemmed and footed glassware, the fine ished article may he weakenedet the welded joint, which would, in efieclz, reducethe quality of the were as Well as lessen fihe lehglh of its life,

An object of my invention is to provide for lho manufacture of stemmed and footed glassware of high quality by the presssnd hlow process W iereby the foot, stem and.

bowl of the ereicie are formed integrally and all welded win-ls are eliminated.

A further obgeet is so provide s method for mechanically fabricating a high quality of stemmed and footed glassware, such as goblets, having thin-walled bowls, Without dealing with the problems of the human element.

Another object of my invention is to make high quality stemmed and footed glassware having a thin-walled bowl portion wherein suceessi ve articles produced will be uniform as to quality, weight, shape, size and dimensums.

A still further feature of my method is the formation of the glass article by the press and blow method wherein, the bowl blank, Stem and toot are all formed integral by a single operation, the bowl blank being blown. to its final .t'orm thereafter. lln this operation the same pressing plunger which forms the loot and stem, forms the bowl blank.

: A further feature of my invention is that it provides for the making of stemmed and footed glassware having toot, stem and bowl lot widely varying contours, at the same time maintaining uniformit and eheapness of product and increasing production.

lily method may consist, generally, in first depositing glass in a. blank or press mold and then causing a pressing plunger to move down "21rd into the blank or press mold so to force the glass into the various mold recesses to form the foot and stem oil the article, at the same time, forcing the glass around the plunger in the mold to term the bowl blank (Figure 1). When the pressing plunger is so operated, the foot, stem and bowl blank are all formed simultaiu-ously as av single integral piece. The foot, stem and bowl blank may be formed in a sectional mold which may be so constructed that the portion of the mold enelosinp the bowl blank is removable so that, upon the completion of the operation just stated, the bowl blank. portion may be removed and a blow mold portion substituted therelor (l igure During the substitution ot the blow mold tor the bowlblauk mold, the stem and foot of the article, whirh have been formed as one intmral piece by the operation ol' the plunger in forming the bowl blank, may be retained in the mold portion in whirl! lhev were originally 'lormed. Alter the blow mold portion has been hIll). 'illll,((l tor the blank mold portion, a blow head of the ordinary construction is moved in operative relation therewith and the arlirle is blown to its linal form (Figure 4.).

It has been l onnd that it may he desirable to lire polish the interior of the glass article in some instanres to add to its quality. 'llu-rel'ore. in ronm-wtion with my llHtllllUll, ll may employ an ordinary llame or gas and air burning underpressure l'or lire polishing the glass llllt'lif. This lire polishing may take plate just prior to the final blowing of lho arlirle (Figure or alter the artirle has been blown to the shape ol' the blow nrold. 'lhat is to say, a the head which has an ordinary flame or gas and air burning therein under pressure and issuing there from may be moved into alignment with the mouth ol the blow mold either just alter the blow mold portion has been substituted for the blank mold portion (as shown in Figure Ill or alter the operation shown in F gure 4-, namely, alter the blow head has been moved into position and. the arlirle shaped. in either event as this the head moves into alignment with the mouth of the mold, gas and air burning under pressure, issues therefrom and is direct d into the interior ot the already t'ormed glass. 'his lire head may be adapted to approach a seating position on the mold ringrarried by the blow mold with varying degrees or closeness, but may or may not seat on the mold ring, depending upon the conditions of use. ln using the tire head as stated. a heat treatment is applied to the interior of the blank or vlully blown article which is eilertive to eliminate any n'iarhs or sears or roughened surfaces on the interior of the article ransed by eontaeti with the pressing plunger in forming the blank. The result of this treatment is that a high polish added to the internal walls ol the glass article whereby a clear and high quality ari'irle is prodru'ed.

Furthermore, in carrying out my method, if the tire head with gas and air under pressure issuing therefrom in a state at comhustion isemployed and it is brought into operation before final blowing it may be so operated in its movement toward the mouth of the mold that a sullieient pressure will he admitted to the interior of the bowl. blank to cause it to expand slightly, wherefore under some conditions of use the blank may be in a more desirable condition for the final blowing. After this initial expansion of the blank, the ordinary blow head will then. be moved into position on the mold ring and the article finally blown. \Vhen using the lire. head, I may rary the pressure of the mixture of gas and air ted to vary the inteus {Y of the flame as well as to va y n'e ol the llame admitted to the In som instanres ol use l may eause head to seat upon the mold ring or mouth ol' the mold wholly. 'lho artirle may be blown to its linal shape by the rombusti hle mixture therein, thereby eliminating the. use of the ordinary blow head, i

The praelire ol' my method does not. depend upon any partirular or speeilie apparatus. One lorm of apparatus which l may employ in earryinr out my method is showii in the annexed drawing'wh rein,---

Figure 1 is a vertiral sectional view of a ilank or press mold showing tl eloo't', stem and bowl blank ot' the article already formed Kit Ill)

messes one inte all less b a. sin le o ration.

tion removed and the bowl blow mold portion siibstitinted therefor.

that a fire head is shown in such a position that gas and air burning under pressure is d rected into the interior of the bowl blank,

1 ans bowl blank being slightly expanded;

Figure l shows the fire head removed and the blow head in position, and the article fully blown.

Figure shows the shape of the article when it is removed from the mold and ready the annealing and finishing operation.

Referring particularly to the drawings, 1 employ a blank or press mold which comprises a foot and stem mold portion 1.

lhis toot and stem mold portion may be comprised of two sections which may be opened in order to remove the completed article from the mold. 'lhe press or blank mold may also comprise a bowl blank mold portion 5: carrying a mold ring 3. The blank mold portion 2 is'formed in sections in order that it may be readily removed upon formation of the bowl blank. The foot and mold ortion 1 and the bowl blank ortion 2 may e held in proper alignment y any suitable and desired means.

In the making of stemmed and footed glassware by my method, the press or blank .mold, which carries the mold ring 3, is

moved to a position to receive a charge of glass. 1, preferably, deliver glass to the mold by automatic means for fecdin molten glass, but it is obvious that my method may also be carried out by feeding the glass to the -mold by hand. When the charge of glass has been deposited in the bowl blank mold cavity, the )lunger 4 is caused to move downward into t e bowl blank mold cavity whereupon the molten glass is forced downward into the foot and stem cavities of the foot and stem mold to form the foot 5 and stem 6 of the article. At the same time that the foot 5 and stem Gare formed, the molten glass is forced. up around the plunger l against the wall of the bowl blank mold, cavity and into the grooves 7 of the mold ring 3. The plunger 4 is then removed.

in order to prevent the trapping of air in. the foot and stem cavities in the foot ,and stem mold portion 1 when the plunger t is moved downward to form the foot, stem and bowl blank, I provide the small air vents 5. These air vents 5 lead from the loot cavity to the outer portion of the foot and stem-mold and atmosphere. The vents 5 are of such size as toreadily vent the air from: the foot cavity but are small enough to prevent the viscous glass from entering therein. Although I have shown the vents .5 for renting the foot cavity, yet such showing merely illustrati e and? may the loot cavity.

According to the apparatus shown in the p a drawings, upon the removal of the plunger Figure 3 is the same as Figure 2 except.

4-, the bowl blank mold portion2 is removed. The foot 5 and the stem 6 remain in and are carried bythe foot and stem mold por- ,emp loy any well known means for venting tion 1. The howl, blank is supported by I and carried by the mold ring 3.

As soon as the bowl blank mold portion 2 has been removed, the blow mold portion 8 is moved into position upon the foot and stem mold portion. 1. the blow mold portion 8 for the blank mold portion 2 may take lace in any suitable and desired manner. I lll hen the blow mold portion 8 is moved into position upon the foot and stem mold portion 1, those portions may be held in proper alignment by any suitable and desirable means.

The substitution of If I employ in my method thepreviously' mentioned heat treatment for polishing the glass articles, I may use a. fire head 9 (Figure in case, the fire head is brought into operation before the blank has been blown 01' before the operation'shown in Figure 4, the manner in which it may be used is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the fire head 9 in an operative relation to the mold and the blank contained therein, but before it is brought into such operative rela tion it may be disposed above the mold as shown in Figure 2. The fire head 9 may be J00 carried by a pipe or hollow stem- 10 to which is connected properly proportioned gas and air which issues from. the nozzle ll of the fire head. 9 in a state of combustion under pressure. The gas and air pressures maybe controlled by any suitable means, such as by an injector. The gas and air is suing from the nozzle 11 may be continuously or intermittently lighted. In, any event, as the fire head 9 is moved downward toward the mold ring 3, 1 cause the gas and air issuing from the nozzle 11 to burn under ressure. As this fire head 9 approaches he mold ring 3, the gas and air issuing from the nozzle 11 and burning under pressure is directed into the interior of the bowl blank, as shown in Figure 3 of the drawing. This I gas and air burning under pressure relieats the inner walls of the blank and thus fire polishes the inner walls of the blank. The polish thus imparted to the blank is retained during the final blowing process so that the completed article has its interior wall fire polished. This gas and air burning under pressure being directed into the interior of the blank' at this stage of the operation eliminates any cloudiness and roughness caused by the plunger 4 so that a perfectly clear piece of ware results upon the completion of the final operation. Furthermore, as this lire bead 9 assumes an op- Mill v polished. The article 136*" erat ive relation with respect to the mold, the gas and air issuing from the nozzle 11 under pressure and in a state of combustion enters the interior of the blank under such pressure that the blank is slightly expanded, thus ironing out, any wrinkles or the like which might tend to cause marks or marring of the completed article.

It is to be understood that, if I employ the tlrc'head 9 and it is brought intooperation before final blowing, it may be used under a great. number of varying conditions. The pressure of burning gas and air issuing from the nozzle 11 may be varied to vary the extent of initial expansion of the bowl blank. The degree of heating ell'ect upon the interior of the howl blank may be regulated by regulating the proportions of gas and air or both which are admitted to the lire head 9.

Furthermore, the burning gas and air is suing from the nozzle 11 may be of such pressure and in such proportions that the tire head 9 maybe moved down into a tight seating position upon the mold r ng 3 so that the article will he blown to its final shape by the operation of lire head 9, whereby the operation of the blow head 12 may be dispensed with. By such an operation of the tire head .0, it is seen that the lire polish-.

ing and blowing of the article takes place at one and the same time by the operation of a single piece of apparatus.

lVhcn the blank is ready for final blowing, the blow head 12 is moved into place upon the mold ring 3 as shown in Figure 4 of the drawing. Air is then admitted through the passage 13 in the blow head 12 and hence into the interior of the slightly expanded blank, wl'iereupon the blank is blown into the final shape as shown in Fig urcs 4' and If the fin head is brought in operation to tire polish the interior of the article after blowing instead of before blowing, then after the article has been shaped shown in Figure 4. the blow head 12 is removed and the tire head fl is. brought into operation in the same manner and withlhe same etl'ect; as described in connection with Figm-e 3.

After the article receives its shape and is ready tor annealing as shown in Figu e 5, it is then placed in an annealing oven. After the article has been annealed, the top portion is cut. oil' at about the line AA (Figure 5). The rough edges. if any, at the cutting point are then smoothed and is then ready for packing.

it will be understood that the use of the heating treatment hereinbetore described in connection with my method is not necessary for the successful. use of my method and that my method may be successfully carried out by performing the successive steps of delivery of proper amount of glass to the mold and shaping as shown in Figure 1, then transferring'the shaped mass to the blow mold as shown in Figure 2 and then blowing as shown in Figure 4. However, the use of such heat treatment may be desirable in certain instances according to the operative and manufacturing conditions.

From the foregoing it will be readily seen that I have provided a highly ellicient, but simple method for manufacturing stemmed and footed glass articles by the press and blow process. My method makes possible the manufacture of a high quality of stemmed and footed glassware in av cheap and incl:- pensive manner. Uniformity and durability of product is accomplished with an increase in production. in a single integral piece, mass of glass, thus eliminating joints which naturally weaken the article. All of this is made possible in addition to the fact that by my method it is possible to manutacture stemmed glass articles of thin-walled bowls by the use of automatic machinery without dealing with the problems of the human element.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is:

1. The method of manufacturing stemmed glassware which comprises depositing a charge of glass in a mold, moving an implement into the mold to form a blow blank, the same implement forming a stem and base integral with the blow blank from the same mass of glass and subsequently blowing the blank.

2. The method of manufacturing stemmed glassware by pressing and blowin which comprises depositing a charge of glass in a mold, pressing the glass in the mold to form a blow blank at the same time forming a stem and base integral with the blank from the same mass of glass and then blowing the blank.

3. The method of manufacturing stemmed glassware by pressing and blowing which comprises depositing a charge of glass in a mold, moving a pressing implement into the mold to press the stem and base of the article, the same implement also forming a blow blank integral with the stem, and then blowing the blank.

4. The method of manufacturing stemmed glassware by pressing and blowing which comprises depositing a charge of glass in a mold, moving a pressing implement into the mold to press the stem and base of the article, the same implement also forming an initial opening in a blow blank integral with the stem, and then blowing the blank.

5. The method of manufacturing stemmed The glass articles are made from a single glassware "which comprises automatically and successively depositing charges-of glass 'in successively presented blank molds with ooved rings thereon, moving an implement into the mold to form a blow blank and force the glass up into the groove of said ring, the same implement forming a stem.

and base integral with the blow blank'irom the same mass of glass, and subsequently blowing the blank.

6. The method'of manufacturing stemmed glassware which comprises automatically and successively depositing-charges of glass in successively presented blank molds with grooved rings thereon, moving an implement into the mold to form a blow blank and force the glass up into the groove of said ring, the same implementforming a stem and base integral with the blow blank from the same mass of glass, supporting the upper end of the blow blank by the grooved ring during transfer to ,a blowing mold and subse%uent ly blowing the blank.

. and successively depositing charges of glass The method of manufacturing stemmed glassware which comprises automatically and base integral with the blow blank from the same mass of glass, supporting the upper end of the blow blank by the grooved ring during transfer to a blowing mold, moving moaeae a blow-head down into contact with the ring and subsequently blowing the blank.

8. The methodof manufacturing stemmed glassware which comprises automatically and successively depositin charges of glass to in successively presented lank molds with grooved rings thereon, moving an implement into the mold to form a blow blank and force the glass up into the groove of said ring, the

same implement forming a stem and base 4 integraLwith the blow blank. from the same mass of glass, supporting the upper end of the blow blank by the grooved r ngand the" lower end by a mold section duringtransfer to a blowing mold and subsequently blowing the blank.

9. The method of manufacturing stemmed glassware which comprises automatically and successively depositing charges of glass in successively presented molds with grooved rings thereon, moving an implement into the mold to form a blow blank and force the glass up into the groove of said ring, the

same implement forming a stem and base integral wish the blow blank from the same W mass of glass, supporting the upper end of the blow blank by the grooved ring and the lower end by a mold section during transfer to a blowing mold, moving a blow head down into contact with the ring and subsequently blowing the blank.

In testimony whereof I hereby aiiix my signature.

GEORGE S. DUNBAR. 

